Intimate partner sexual assault may be committed _______________________.

Intimate partner sexual assault encompasses a range of behaviors and can occur through various means of coercion. The correct response of "all of the above" reflects the fact that sexual assault within intimate partner relationships can occur in multiple contexts that do not require explicit consent.

Sexual assault can be perpetrated without consent through physical force, which includes any physical actions taken to engage someone in sexual activity against their will. Additionally, threats of force can also create an atmosphere of fear or submission in the victim, leading them to comply with the assault to avoid potential violence.

Moreover, the concept of implied harm is critical in understanding intimate partner dynamics as well. If a victim has previously experienced violence or threats, they may be unable to resist further advances due to fear of retaliation or additional physical harm. This psychological pressure can effectively coerce a victim into a situation where they feel they cannot refuse or reject sexual advances.

Therefore, considering all these facets contributes to defining the various ways in which intimate partner sexual assault can be perpetrated, which is succinctly captured in the choice "all of the above." This comprehensive understanding is crucial for both law enforcement and support services in identifying and responding to such situations.