The use of physical force during an arrest is primarily governed by which factor?

The use of physical force during an arrest is primarily governed by the level of resistance by the suspect. This principle is rooted in the concept of proportionality in law enforcement, wherein the amount of force used must be appropriate to the level of resistance encountered. When a suspect actively resists arrest, officers are often permitted to employ a greater level of force to gain control and ensure their safety, as well as the safety of others.

In this context, if a suspect is passively resistant, such as refusing to move or comply with commands without physical confrontation, minimal force might be suitable. Conversely, if a suspect is aggressive or poses a threat of violence, officers may need to escalate their use of force to counter that immediate threat. This dynamic is also underpinned by the training that officers receive regarding use-of-force continuum, emphasizing the necessity for officers to appropriately assess each situation based on the behavior of the suspect.

Factors like department policy and public perception certainly play roles in the overall approach to law enforcement, but the immediate justification for the use of physical force revolves around the suspect's resistance.