What is meant by 'exculpatory evidence'?

Exculpatory evidence refers to any information or material that can potentially clear a defendant of guilt in a criminal case. This type of evidence is significant because it can demonstrate that a defendant did not commit the alleged crime or that they should not be held liable. In legal contexts, the prosecution has an obligation to disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense, as it can be crucial for ensuring a fair trial. This includes witness statements, physical evidence, or any other relevant material that may support the defendant's innocence.

Other options relate to types of evidence that do not serve the same purpose as exculpatory evidence. While evidence that supports the prosecution's case helps to build against the defendant, hearsay refers to statements not made under oath and often lacks reliability in court. Similarly, evidence that cannot be used in court typically fails to meet the admissibility requirements and does not fulfill the role of exculpatory evidence.