Which of the following can permit the use of deadly force?

Deadly force may be permitted under specific circumstances for both law enforcement officers and private citizens.

For law enforcement officers, the use of deadly force is typically justified in situations where they face an immediate threat to their life or the lives of others. This could include scenarios involving armed suspects or situations that pose a grave risk of physical harm. Officers are trained to assess situations and determine when the use of deadly force is necessary to protect themselves or the public.

Private citizens also have the right to use deadly force under certain conditions, often framed within the context of self-defense. For example, if an individual believes that they are facing an imminent threat of serious bodily harm or death, they may resort to using deadly force to protect themselves. Many jurisdictions operate under "stand your ground" or "castle" laws, which provide legal protections to citizens acting in defense against unlawful intrusions or attacks.

Therefore, recognizing that both law enforcement officials and private citizens can be justified in using deadly force under particular circumstances underscores the complexity of self-defense laws and the standards that dictate the appropriate use of such force in various scenarios.